FALLACIES There are 3 classifications of falacies :- Formal, Linguistic, Material Formal - denying the antecedent etc. there are 8 forms this. Linguistic - wroong definition of words. at least 4 versions Material - a problem with the premises Formal - arguing from a part to the whole ( deduction ) - arguing from the whole to the part ( Induction ) -the fallacy of accident ... taking a specific rule and applying to one aspect of a case, without considering all the other aspects. - non-sequitur .. a leap in reasoning. Linguistic - equivocation ... a shift in meaning deliberately to confuse - ambiguity .. unintentional vagueness - verbal issue .. using changing definitions of words. - immotive words .. cloud the argument so that the issue is clouded Material - slogans .. are catchy phrases which stop consideration of the argument. - begging the question .. arguing in a circle. - Ad Hominem .. attacking the speaker, rather than the argument. - Straw Man argument .. representing the part as the whole. - Hasty Generalization .. arguing from a part to the whole - Special Pleading .. ignoring all the parts not favorable to your position. - Appeal to Pity .. regardless fo the facts. - Appeal to Force .. - Appeal to Ignorance .. because nobody has a better way, does not make argued way Correct. -Apeal to Popular Opinion .. does not make it correct. - Appeal to Authority ..